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Dr. Elijah Leming is an old and respected physician of Waldron, Ark., and for many years has also been connected prominently with the farming interests of this region. He was born in Tennessee in 1819, being the second of five children born to John and Sarah (Mitchell) Leming, both of whom are descendants of people who settled in Tennessee when it was a part of North Carolina, this being about 1770. The paternal great-grandfather was a private soldier in the French Army, and was at Quebec when he was captured by Gen. Wolfe. He afterward went to New Jersey, where he was married to Elizabeth [p.414] Fyan, and moved with her to the western county of North Carolina, now Tennessee. Vinet Fyan commanded a fort near Newport, Tenn., and was killed near there by the Indians, on a creek still known as Fyan's Creek, in Rathnard County, N.C. Dr. Leming's grandfather was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and two uncles were in the War of 1812, and were with Jackson at New Orleans. John Leming and his wife died when their son, Elijah, was a child, and he was brought up by his paternal uncle, Jesse Leming. At the age of sixteen years he left him and enlisted in the United States Army, taking part in the Cherokee War of 1836-37. He was married in 1840 to Miss Mary Ann Pierce, and seven years later moved to Texas, in the southeast part of which State he resided for twelve years. Here he began the practice of medicine, having commenced the study of this science before leaving Tennessee, and after coming to Arkansas in June, 1858, he followed this occupation for many years. In 1863 he entered the Federal Army, and until the close of the war served in the Fourth and Second Arkansas Infantry, Company I. During the war his home was burned, but at the close he returned, rebuilt, and, in connection with his practice, began farming. Soon after this he went to St. Louis, where he studied in the Eclectic School, graduating soon after. In 1866 he was elected to the State Legislature, and in that session was one of five to vote for the Howard Amendment, which was one of the clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. After this measure had been rejected, and during the reconstruction period, he refused to accept office, for the reason that he did not want to have his name associated with the disfranchisement of neighbors and friends, nor did he believe the Freedmen competent to vote intelligently. Since that time, in 1872, he made the race for State Senator, but was decided out of the State by contested election. For many years he has been president of the County Medical Society. He has always been an active advocate of free schools, and has been a school director for years. His wife died in July, 1870, at Galena, Kas., she having borne him five children: Julia Ann, Nancy (who is deceased), A. G. (a lawyer of Waldron), Isaac K. (a physician of Waldron), and Elijah (a physician of Dardanelle). Dr. Leming was married in 1883 to

Mrs. Gillie Winchester, widow of John Winchester, of Tennessee, who died while serving in the Federal Army in Missouri, during the Rebellion. The Doctor owns 400 acres of fine farming land in this county, and has 150 acres under cultivation, the balance being fair land covered with good timber. The Doctor is a quiet, kindly and charitable old gentleman, and, besides having the confidence and respect of his fellow-men, he also has their warmest regard.

Dr. Isaac K. Leming is an eminent medical practitioner who has practiced his profession in this county for a number of years, and during this time has won fame and fortune. He was born in Tyler, Tex., in 1851, being the fourth child born to Elijah and Mary A. (Pierce) Leming. [See sketch of Elijah Leming.] He was reared in Scott County, Ark., and after obtaining a good practical education in the common schools near his home, he began the study of medicine, his studies being pursued under his father, who gave him thorough instruction. He afterward entered the St. Louis Electic Medical College in 1877, from which institution he was graduated in the spring of 1878, after which he practiced for some time in Sebastian County. He soon, however, came to Scott County, and has since been a resident of Waldron where, by the thorough knowledge of his profession and his ability to put his knowledge to a practical use, he has built up a very large and lucrative practice. In 1889 he formed a partnership with Dr. A. A. Sanford, and together they make one of the strongest firms in this section, and command respect from all their medical brethren. In 1872 he was married to Miss Abbie L. Basshal, of Sebastian County, daughter of Joseph P. Basshal, an old pioneer settler of that county. To them four children have been born: Maud (who died in infancy), Joseph E., Samuel A. and Minnie L. The family worship in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the Doctor belongs to Greenwood Lodge No. —, of the A. F. & A. M.

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[p.415] Henry Looper, Sr., is residing four miles east of Mansfield, Scott County, Ark., but was born in South Carolina in 1817, to Samuel and Mary (Jones) Looper, they being also born in South Carolina, in which State they were married. They removed to Alabama in an early day and there both passed from life a few years after locating. Of a family of four sons and four daughters born to them the subject of this sketch is the only one now living. He was married in South Carolina in 1836 to Miss Mary Freeman, and by her became the father of the following family of children: Henry, Thomas, James, Joseph, George, Martha, Mary (wife of James McMullens), Elizabeth, Frances (wife of Joseph Looper, see biography), Ann (wife of Lee Ellwood), Laura Bell (wife of Joseph Louston) and Victoria (wife of Luther Dutton). Joseph, George and Martha are deceased. Mr. Looper's first wife died in 1862, and in 1867 he espoused Mrs. Mary Ann (Frizzell) Brozier, widow of Bert Brozier. This union resulted in the birth of fourteen children: Fanny (wife of Jasper Curnutt), Samuel, Fuller, Charles (deceased), Sallie, Nellie, Maggie, Nannie, Bud (deceased), Donie, Looney, Gorum, Lawrence, and a child that died in infancy not named. Mr. Looper has become the owner of 500 acres of fine land, and during a residence of over thirty years on this farm he has succeeded in putting 230 acres under cultivation. He is one of the earliest settlers of this county and has always manifested a deep interest in her progress and development, especially in the way of churches and schools. He is a member of Lodge No. 163, of the A. F. & A. M. at Mansfield, and although he is now seventy three years of age he is yet hale and hearty.

Joseph R. Looper. No matter in what business a man may engage, if he is industrious and fair in his dealings with his fellow-men, he is sure, sooner or later, to win their confidence, respect and liking, and to become, in time, well-to-do in worldly goods. Mr. Looper possesses these qualities, and, as a consequence, stands remarkably high in the estimation of all who know him. He was born is South Carolina, in 1845, to Joseph D. and Mellie (Freeman) Looper, both of whom were born in South Carolina, where they were reared and married. The following family was born to them; James G., William D., Elizabeth (wife of Benjamin Gibson), Marcus A., Joseph R., Henry M., and one that died in infancy. The parents removed from their native State to Georgia about 1853 or 1854, and there Mrs. Looper died at the age of about thirty-five years, a member of the Baptist Church, and after her death Mr. Looper removed to Texas, but staid there only a short time, moving in 1857, to Scott County, Ark. In 1863 he was married a second time, to a Mrs. Turmon, of this county, who died in 1872, a worthy member of the Baptist Church at the time of her demise. Mr. Looper enlisted in the Federal Army in 1863, becoming a member of Company H. Second Arkansas Infantry, under Capt. Charles E. Berry, but his entire service was confined to his own State. He was with Gen. Steele on the Camden Raid, and was in the fight at Saline. He received his discharge on August 8, 1865, after which he returned to his home and engaged in farming, marrying in 1868, Miss Frances Looper, a daughter of Henry and Mary (Freeman) Looper, Mr. Looper and his wife being third cousins. They have eight children: Henry E., Sonora A. (deceased), Minnie A., Joseph W., Myrtle B., Charles V., William B. and James R. (deceased). Mr. Looper has a good farm of 161 acres, and on the 80 acres that he has under cultivation, he raises corn, oats and cotton. He is one of Scott County's most highly respected citizens and successful farmers, and socially belongs to Lodge No. 163 of the A. F. & A. M. of Mansfield. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, and to this as well as to other churches he has been liberal in his contributions.

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F. M. Lynch. It is a remarkable fact that the majority of those men of Tennessee birth who have become residents of Scott County, Ark., have been peculiarly successful in the accumulation of worldly goods, and are considered superior farmers, and Mr. Lynch is but another example of this truth. He was born in 1834, the fourth of seven children, born to F. B. Lynch and wife, the former of whom was a farmer of Tennessee, but a [p.416] native of Virginia, who was quite a prominent man of his day, and held a number of county offices with credit and distinction. He died in 1844, and his widow in 1858. The immediate subject of this sketch was reared in his native State, and educated in the common schools. When eighteen years of age he went to Texas to seek his fortune, and was there engaged in farming for sixteen years, after which he came to Scott County, and settled on his present farm of 200 acres, 80 acres of which are under cultivation. While in Texas, he was commissioner of Harrison County, from 1868 to 1874, and also held, with great credit to himself, the office of justice of the peace. He has been an enthusiastic patron of the cause of education, and in the district in which he lives he has been a school director many times. He was first married in 1866 to Miss Mary ****J. Bowen, of Texas, but she left him a widower in 1886 with a family of six children to care for: William F., Julia E., Henry Houston, Alice Adelaide, George and Mary Christina, Mr. Lynch was married, a second time, on December 5, 1886, to Sarah A. Gilbreath, a Georgian by birth, by whom he has one child, Fannie Bell, who was born November 2, 1888. Mr. Lynch and his wife have long been consistent members of the Baptist Church, and Mr. Lynch contributed liberally to the erection of a church. He is a progressive, substantial and intelligent citizen, and while modest and unassuming in demeanor, he is endowed with those very rare qualities of good sense and good judgment, which have won him many warm friends.

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Free Malone is the very accommodating and gentlemanly host of the Continental Hotel at Waldron, Ark. He was born in Alabama, in 1843, being the fourth of five children born to Nathaniel C. and Martha (Crenshaw) Malone, both of whom were born in Alabama, the former a farmer by occupation. In 1867 he came to Arkansas, and located in Scott County, Ark., where he passed from life on September 5, 1885. His wife was called to her long home in 1849. In the State of Alabama Free Malone was reared and educated, and from that State he enlisted in the Confederate Army in 1861, becoming a member of Company A, Twenty-sixth Mississippi Regiment of Infantry, and took part in the battles of Fort Donelson, Perryville, Murfrees boro and Vicksburg, being paroled after the fall of this place. In January, 1864, he went to Virginia, and was in the battle of the Wilderness, Chancellorsville and many others of less importance He surrendered with Gen. Lee at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865, after which he went to Mississippi, and in 1867 came to Arkansas with his father, purchasing a farm of 160 acres near Waldron, which he began to improve. On October 13, 1869, he was murried in Sevier County, Ark., to Mrs. Sarah J. Salyers, daughter of William Stone of Tennessee, an early settler of Arkansas, a short history of whom is given in the latter part of this sketch. In 1869 Mr. Malone began merchandising at Waldron, being the third merchant of the place, and there he continued in business, also following farming for a number of years, after which he made quite a large purchase of land, and began farming on a more extensive scale. Upon his arrival here he opened a hotel, and has been engaged in conducting one ever since. In 1878 he erected his present large building, a two-story brick, containing fourteen rooms, all of which are well fitted up, and at all times well prepared for the accommodation of guests. In connection with his hotel he keeps a livery stable, his horses and vehicles being at all times ready for use. He was postmaster of Waldron during 1887, was justice of the peace a number of years, and during 1888-89 served in the capacity of sheriff of the county. He has built an excellent store-building in Waldron, and is also the owner of other valuable town property. His wife, who is a member of the Baptist Church, has borne her husband nine children: Lena (wife of W. A. Johnson, resides in Mansfield), Ione (wife of R. L. Maxwell, lives in Henrietta, Tex.), Ora (wife of J. N. Hamilton, a merchant of Waldron), Cora, Otto and Free, and the following children who are deceased: Onge (who died at the age of eighteen months), Ada (who died when six years of age), and Bennie (who died when two years of age). Mr. Malone is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and has been an advocate of schools, and a member of the school board of Waldron [p.417] for some time. Besides the property above mentioned he has a residence at Chalybeate Springs, seven miles west of Waldron, and forty acres of land in that vicinity. Mrs. Malone's father assisted in removing the Indians to the Indian Territory at an early day, and while in Arkansas became much pleased with the country, and determined to settle, which he accordingly did in 1840, locating at Centre Point. Of a large family of children born to himself and wife, only three are now living: two sons, who are prominent farmers of Howard County, and Mrs. Malone. Mr. Stone opened up a large tract of land on a portion of which Centre Point is now located, and on this land he made his home for seven years. He next moved to the northern part of Pike County, and there erected a large frame mill, the first in that locality, which attracted trade from many adjoining connties. He opened up a large farm here also, and on this made his home until his death in 1859, his widow afterward making her home with her daughter, Mrs. Malone, dying at her home in 1874. Mr. Stone was born in North Carolina, was married to a Miss Huddleston, of Tenessee, and after residing in that State for some time he moved to Kentucky, where he became captain of the company of militia that took the Indians west.

George D. May. In the fertile farming districts of Scott County, Ark., Mr. May has been engaged in agricultural pursuits, and is now the owner of 100 acres of good land, one mile east of Waldron, on which he has made many improvements and now has sixty-one acres under cultivation. He was born in Tennessee January 11, 1811, being the eldest son born to William and Anna May, both of whom were born in the Old North State, the father being a soldier in the War of 1812, a farmer by occupation, and passed from life in Tennessee. George D. May was brought up to a thorough knowledge of farm life by his father, and after he had attained his majority he began to make his own way in the world, and in 1840 came to Arkansas and settled in Sebastian County, where he was married in 1844 to Miss Frances Landers, a native of the Blue-Grass State. Soon after his marriage he purchased a farm on which he lived for about sixteen years, but during the greater part of the Rebellion he was a resident of Texas. After the war had closed he returned to Arkansas, this time taking up his abode in Scott County, settling on the place on which he is now residing, where he has a comfortable home and sufficient means to make life enjoyable. His estimable wife was called from life in 1866, having borne him a family of six children, the following five of whom are living: Mary R. (a resident of Texas), Maggie (Mrs. Forster), Jonnie (Mrs. Gilbreath), Ella (Mrs. Harvey), and George W. (who is a physician of Little River County). Ann is deceased. Mr. May married his second wife in 1871, she being Mrs. Elizabeth Eastus, her father being one of the early settlers of this county from Tennessee, and a prominent and successful farmer. Mr. and Mrs. May have two children: Francis Joseph and Walter. Mr. May is one of the worthy residepts of this section, and is strictly honorable and upright in every respect. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity.

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R. N. Millard is a farmer, merchant and cottonginner, residing near Blue Ball, Ark., and as a man and citizen is substantial, progressive and intelligent. He was born in Arkansas in 1844, to James E. and Edna (Herring) Millard, both of whom were born in the Old North State, the former in 1799 and died June 5, 1878, and the latter born in 1808 and died March 15, 1864. Their marriage took place in that State, and in time resulted in the birth of thirteen children, only four of whom are now living: Sarah (wife of J. J. Eiger), Mary (wife of Joseph Williams), Robert Newton (the subject of this sketch), and William B. Robert Newton Millard began farming for himself in 1866, and the same year was married to Miss Elizabeth F. Weaver, a native of Arkansas, born in 1846, and a daughter of J.P. and Mary Weaver. Mrs. Millard died in 1867, leaving one child, a daughter: Mary Susan (born in 1866, and now the wife of James Hunt). In 1868 Mr. Millard purchased forty acres of land to which he has added 160 acres, and on this he has cleared seventy-five acres and built five good houses and a store building, barns and other buildings. In 1871, in connection with his brother and brother-in-law, he erected a gin, saw and flouring [p.418] mill, the capacity of the former being seven bales per day, the saw-mill turning out 5,000 feet of lumber, and the flouring-mill seventy-five barrels. In 1887 Mr. Millard opened a general mercantile establishment, his goods being worth $3,000, and in these different enterprises he has done remarkably well. On his farm corn, oats and cotton are raised, and all yield average crops. He was postmaster of Blue Ball from 1876 to 1879, and socially is a member of Walnut Tree Lodge No. 269, of the A.F. & A.M., in which he held the office of worshipful master for several years. He is a member of, and steward in, the Methodist Episcopal Church South, and as a progressive and law-abiding citizen has not his superior in this section of the country. He was married October 6, 1870, to Miss Salina E. White, a native of Alabama, born in 1847, to Josephus and Ann (Hearn) White, both of whom were Georgians. The children born to Mr. Millard's second marriage are as follows: Josephus (born in 1871, now deceased), William R. (born in 1872), Ida Ann (born in 1875, now deceased), Lela May (born in 1877, deceased), Myrtle E. (born in 1879), John M. (born in 1881), Henry P. (born in 1884), Angie L. (born in 1886), and Noble Victor (born in 1888). At the beginning of the late war James E. Millard lived in Scott County, Ark., with his family and two sons that voluntered and went into the Confederate service: James R. and Kennon Millard, the two being captured at Arkansas Post and were carried as prisoners of war to Chicago, Ill., where the latter died. The former was exchanged and went back to his command, where he was captured again and again. The last time being wounded he was sent to the hospital, where his comrades and family never heard of him more. The subject of this sketch feels and realizes the fact that he will not meet his soldier brother on this earth again, but putting his trust in God, lives and hopes to join an unbroken family in the sweet bye and bye.

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Joseph S. Mitchell is a farmer and mechanic of Hickman Township, but was born in Tuscaloosa County, Ala., in 1849, to William A. and Mary A. (McCully) Mitchell, both of whom were born in the Palmetto State, the former in 1820, and the latter in 1819. After their marriage they removed to Haywood County, Tenn., and in 1870 came to Scott County, Ark., settling, a year later, on his homestead, and in 1876 he sold to his son Joseph S. He has long been a member of the Missionary Baptist Church, Mrs. Mitchell being a member since she was twenty years of age. Mr. Mitchell followed saddle-making for many years, but of late years has given his time solely to farming. He served a short time in the Confederate Army as a conscript, but was a Union man in principle. He has always been strictly temperate in his habits, and never indulges in spirituous liquors. He is the only one of his family that ever came to Arkansas, but as he has done well here financially, and has made many warm friends, he has never regretted his move. His father, Alexander Mitchell, was born and reared in Dublin, Ireland, and there learned the trade of a saddler, a calling he followed after coming to the United States. He was married in his native land, but while en route to this country he lost his wife and one child in a shipwreck. He wedded his second wife in this country, and spent the rest of his days in South Carolina, dying in 1833. Frances Jones, who became his second wife, was born in Virginia, and died in South Carolina, in 1832. The maternal grandfather of the subject of this sketch, James G. D. McCully, was born in Chester District, S. C., and in 1853 moved to Alabama, where he died in 1862, a miller by trade. His wife, whose maiden name was Sarah Pannel, was born in Chester District, S. C., and died in Alabama, in 1856, she, as well as her husband, being a member of the Missionary Baptist Church for many years. The subject of this sketch is the third of five sons and four daughters, the names of his brothers and sisters being as follows: Eld. James A. (of Tennessee), Rev. John O., Hiram J. (of Sebastian County), Alice (wife of Elwood Johnson), and Johanna (wife of William W. Neal). Joseph S. was brought up to a knowledge of farm work by his father, but his school days did not exceed five months. At the very early age of thirteen years he began taking charge of his father's business, and in 1877 was married to Miss Edna A., daughter of Eld. S. J. and Nancy E. [p.419] Fuller, the former a Georgian, and the latter born in Alabama. From the latter State they removed to Louisiana, and afterward came to Logan County, Ark., where Eld. Fuller breathed his last in 1883, his widow being now a resident of Scott County. Mrs. Mitchell was born in Louisiana, and has borne her husband five children, three sons and one daughter living. They own an excellent tract of land comprising 285 acres, and have about 100 acres cleared, all of which has been brought about by Mr. Mitchell's own indomitable energy. It is well improved with good buildings, and is a valuable property. Mr. Mitchell is a member of Waldron Lodge No. 93, of the I. O. O. F., and he and his most estimable wife are members of the Missionary Baptist Church, both became members at the age of fourteen years, and are strictly temperate and respected citizens.

A. H. Morgan is a planter of Scott County, Ark., whose knowledge of his calling is thorough and who is enterprising and progressive in his views. He was born in Georgia August 25, 1836, to J. R. and Martha L. (Powers) Morgan, the former of whom was born in Georgia in 1815, and the latter in South Carolina in 1816, their marriage taking place in Alabama and resulting in the birth of seven children, two of whom are now living: C. J. and A. H. The mother died in Georgia in 1849, a worthy member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, after which her husband married Mrs. Louisa Johnson, a widow with three children. By her he became the father of seven children, and after her death, which occurred in 1869, he was married to his third and present wife, and with her is making his home in Georgia. In his native State A. H. Morgan was married, in 1868, to Miss E. A. Grecian, and by her he has had six children: Martha L., R. R., M. E., Charles H. and two that passed from life while infants. Mr. Morgan served in the Confederate Army during the Rebellion, enlisting at Dardanelle, Ark., in 1861, in Company D, of Lon. McKay's regiment of infantry, with which he served faithfully until the war terminated, making as brave and faithful a soldier as ever trod a crimson battle-field. He was wounded in the shoulder in the battle of Corinth in 1862, was wounded in the head in an engagement in Mississippi, was wounded in the right leg at Port Gibson in May, 1863, and in June, 1863, at Vicksburg, was wounded in the right eye. Since the war he has devoted his time and attention to farming, and by his own perseverance and good management he has become the owner of 290 acres of land, 160 of which he has put in a good state of cultivation. Although he belongs to the Methodist Episcopal Church, is a class leader in the same, and has been an attendant for twenty years, his estimable wife belongs to the Baptist Church. Owing to his many excellent characteristics Mr. Morgan has won innumerable friends, and socially he belongs to Cauthron Lodge No. 385, of the A. F. & A. M.

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James Oliver is a planter and cotton-ginner, residing in Bradley Township, Scott County, Ark., but was born in Tennessee, October 11, 1826, to Jesse and Mary A. (Hise) Oliver, both of whom were born in Virginia. The father was a farmer by occupation, was married in Tennessee, and he and his wife became the parents of seven children of whom the subject of this sketch is the eldest, the other members of the family being: William, Mary A. (wife of A. Brownlow), Emeline (wife of Ed Jones), John, George and David. Mr. Oliver was a soldier in one of the Indian wars, and he and his wife spent their lives in Tennessee, both members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at the time of their deaths. James Oliver was married in Greene County, Tenn., in 1838, to Miss Rachel Falls, in which State he was born in October, 1828, and twelve children are the result of their union, ten of whom are now living; John C., Martha E. (widow of William Henry), Jessie E. and Mary E. (twins), Leier I. (wife of G. T. Anderson), Johanna (wife of J. E. Oliver), William and two children that died in infancy unnamed. James Oliver was in the Rebellion, enlisting in 1861, in the Confederate Army, and serving until the close of the war, being paroled in Georgia. He has a good steam cotton-gin, grist-mill and saw-mill combined, the capacity of the gin being six bales per day. His farm comprises 160 acres of good land, of which 75 are under cultivation, the principle [p.420] crops raised being cotton and corn. Mr. Oliver emigrated from Tennessee to Georgia, and in 1866 came to Arkansas, settling in Izard County, and in 1880 in Scott County, where he is now living, and where he has made many acquaintances and friends. He is a member of the Farmers' Alliance, and he and his wife are members of the Missionary Baptist Church.

Miles H. Partin is a Mississippian, born in 1843, and as he was brought up to a farm life by his father he has made that his chief calling through life. His parents, F. H. and Elizabeth O. (Miles) Partin, were born in North Carolina and Tennessee, in 1812 and 1825, respectively, and he is the eldest of their eleven children, the other members of the family being W. E., Mary F. (wife of W. W. Collier), A. G. (deceased), George W. (deceased), B. F., Orlena (deceased), Hellen (wife of G. A. Stubblefield), Mattie (wife of John Cannon), Jennett (wife of David Cannon), and Jasper N. The family removed to Arkansas when the subject of this sketch was seven years of age, and on January 1, 1850, located on an eighty-acre tract of land at Dardanelle, to which he afterward added until at the time of the father's death in 1877 he was the owner of 700 acres of land, upon which he had cleared 125 acres and built a number of good buildings, planting, also, a large orchard on his home place, where his widow now resides. He and his wife were both members of the Missionary Baptist Church. The educational advantages which Miles H. received were quite limited, but after his parents had acquired their home they undertook his education, and intended to send him away to school, but the opening of the Rebellion prevented them carrying out their intentions, hence his education is limited to what he could acquire in the subscription schools of his boyhood. He entered the Confederate service, enlisting in Company E, Twenty-first Arkansas Infantry. At the reorganization, after Corinth, he was transferred to Company H, and was in the battles of Iuka, Corinth, Farmington, Vicksburg, Port Gibson, Champion's Hill, Black River Bridge, where he was taken prisoner and taken to Camp Morton, near Indianapolis, Ind., where he was kept two weeks, then transferred to Fort Delaware, after which he entered the service of the United States, and was sent to the frontier of Minnesota, shortly after the Sioux outbreak. Here he remained until 1865, when he received his discharge. He returned to Dardanelle December 24, 1867, since which time he has been engaged in farming, purchasing, in 1868, 120 acres of land in Perry County, but which he afterward sold and returned to Dardanelle. In 1876 he bought 120 acres in Hunt Township, and homesteaded 120 acres adjoining, and upon this he has cleared about 60 acres, built a house and outbuildings, fences, etc., and has otherwise improved his place, setting out a good orchard. His principal crops are corn, oats and wheat, the yield of the first mentioned being from twenty-five to forty bushels, oats averaging twenty-five bushels to the acre. His tenants sometimes raise cotton, and it usually averages one-half bale to the acre, but he has raised one bale on the same amount of ground. In the fall of 1868 he was married to Miss Louisa Wright, a native of Georgia, born in 1845, a daughter of Berry and Mary (Chistoper) Wright, and to Mr. Partin and his wife one son has been born, Vernie (who was born February 24, 1872). Mr. Partin is giving this son every advantage in the way of an education, and as he wishes to make law his profession he will have every opportunity of perfecting himself in this science. After finishing his education in the common schools he entered the Dardanelle High School, where he is making (in his second year) very rapid advancement in his studies.

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Capt. John Rawlings, senior member of Rawlings & Son, dealers in general merchandise at Waldron, Scott County, Ark., is a native of Illinois, born February 14, 1834, and the son of John and Malinda (Blair) Rawlings, the father a native of Chattanooga, Tenn., and the mother of Kentucky. John Rawlings passed his boyhood and youth on a farm, and was left an orphan at an early age. When but two years of age he went to Missouri and made his home with his grandmother until eighteen years of age, when he crossed the plains to the gold regions of California. He mined there for four years and met with fair success, after which he returned to the east and located at [p.421] Waldron, Ark. He followed agricultural pursuits on rented land during the year 1858, and then entered a piece of Government land, 120 acres, which he immediately began to improve by erecting a house and barn, and clearing it of timber. Here he remained until the breaking out of the war. In 1861 he enlisted in the Confederate Army as lieutenant, but was soon promoted to captain, in which capacity he served until discharged, on account of disability, in January, 1863. He was in the battles of Wilson Creek, Neosho, Elkhorn (or Pea Ridge), Corinth and Shiloh. At the last named place he was taken sick and sent home, where he remained for thirty days. He was then sent to command in the Western Department, and later sent home to organize a battalion, or, rather a company to form a battalion. He was now captain of Company I, Carroll's regiment of Cavalry, but on account of trouble with his eyes was discharged. The company that he formerly commanded was Company I of the Arkansas State Troops. At the time of his discharge he took his family and went to the southern part of the State, where he remained until cessation of hostilities. In 1866 he returned to his farm near Waldron. A detachment of the Federal troops had made his farm their headquarters and his house was preserved, otherwise the farm was laid waste, fences burned and fruit trees destroyed. He at once commenced to rebuild and improve his place. He was in poor health, owing to exposure in the army, and had a wife and five children to support. He cultivated the soil until 1877, when he entered into his present line of business at this place. This he has since continued. He at that time formed a copartnership with J. C. Bell, now of Fort Smith, and at the end of a year he bought out his partner's interest. He then formed a partnership with Dr. James H. Smith, of Waldron, which existed about four years, when Mr. Rawlings again bought out his partner. He then took in his son. He began on a small scale, but****his business has increased until he now carries a stock of goods valued at $7,000, and the annual sales amount to about $20,000. He has in all about 600 acres of land, the most of which lies near the city. He also owns quite an amount of town property, and deals considerably in real estate. His farm, which he rents, is well improved and one of the best in the township. Mr. Rawlings and his estimable wife are members of the Baptist Church, and he has filled the position of deacon in the same for some time. He is liberal in his support of all worthy enterprises, and is universally respected. His wife who was formerly Miss Nancy J. Smith, and whom he married in 1858, is the daughter of Dr. Smith, of this place. Eight children have been born to this union, five now living: Annie E. (wife of J. D. Benson, of this place), Ida M. (widow of W. P. Evatt), Flood S. (who is in business with his father), John O. (attending school at Fayetteville, Ark.), and Charles F. (also at Fayetteville). When Mr. Rawlings first went into the army he was with the State troops, but after the battle of Oak Hill he raised a new company and entered McIntosh's regiment of cavalry. Here he remained until he received a furlough on account of ill health, as above stated. He was wounded in the shoulder at Pea Ridge, and this disables his right hand and arm to this day. He was a brave and fearless officer, and served the Confederacy faithfully and well.

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William Robson. In giving a brief sketch of the life of Mr. Robson it can with truth be said that he is one of the foremost men of Scott County, and has become one of its wealthiest agriculturists by honest toil and good management, and by the aid and advice of his admirable wife. He has been a resident of this county since 1867, but was born in Wayne County, Tenn., April 20, 1833, to William and Mary (Wordsworth) Robson, they being also natives of Tennessee, in which State they grew to maturity, married and spent their lives, the death of the father occurring in 1857 at about the age of sixty years, the mother passing from life in 1859 when about the same age. Mr. Robson was a worthy tiller of the soil all his life, and in this calling became quite successful. Both were members of the Methodist Church and he was a Mason and a Democrat. The immediate subject of this sketch was the youngest of ten children, and his school days were spent in Wayne [p.422] County, Tenn. When only eighteen years of age he came to Arkansas, and after wandering over the greater part of the State he went to the frontier of Texas with Capt. Love to fight the Comanche Indians, and during this time had many narrow escapes from death, a number of horses being shot from under him while fighting. Fortunately he was never wounded, and finally, growing tired of fighting, he settled in Corsicana, at which place he opened a hotel, which he managed for three

years. In the fall of 1861 he joined Col. Parson's regiment of cavalry, but was discharged at Little Rock in May, 1862, on account of a broken leg, which was caused by being thrown from a horse. After recovering he joined Col. Gunter's battalion, afterward Bryant's battalion, and served in the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations until the war closed. He was a scout all through the region where he now lives, and at the close of the war held the rank of sergeant. He then resided in Little River County, Ark., until 1867, after which he moved to Scott County and purchased 160 acres of land, to which he has added enough to make 280 acres, a large portion of which is under cultivation, and all can be cultivated. He was married in August, 1862, to Miss Altha Ledgewood, and by her became the father of six children, five now living: James W., Lucinda Adaline, George W., Dick and Eddie. Ludie died when two years of age. Mr. Robson and his wife are members of the Free Will Baptist Church, in which he has been a deacon for three years. He donated the ground on which the Pleasant Grove Baptist Church is standing, and in numerous other ways has shown the interest he feels in the cause of Christianity. He is a wealthy citizen, the owner of a large amount of stock, and is in every way situated to enjoy life. Politically he is a Democrat.

John A. Rose, farmer and merchant, Boles, Ark. This enterprising citizen was born in Hamilton County, Ill., on November 13, 1845, and is a son of James and Emily (Buchanan) Rose. The father, who was a farmer and mechanic by occupation, moved to Arkansas, and settled in Scott County, in 1857. His wife died in 1863, and he followed her to the grave one week later. They were the parents of five children–four sons and one daughter–John A. being the second son. He received meager educational advantages and grew to manhood on his father's farm. Before he was eighteen years of age, or in 1863, he enlisted under the Stars and Stripes and served until August 27, 1865, when he received his discharge. He was in Company L, Second Kansas Cavalry, and was in the battle of Saline River, Prairie de Ann and Cabin Creek at which place he was taken prisoner. He was conveyed to Doaksville, Ind. Ty., and was there confined for eight months. After the war he returned to Scott County, bought a farm of eighty acres in Mountain Township, one mile from the village of Boles, and this he improved by erecting a house and clearing the timber. He has added to this first purchase until he now has about 1,000 acres, 300 of which are under cultivation. He has a good residence and several good tenant houses on the place. He also has one-half interest in a general merchandise store at Boles, and this is doing a good business at that place. Mr. Rose was married on December 25, 1866, to Miss Rebecca Scott, daughter of Thomas H. Scott, of this county. They have had nine children, seven of whom are living–three sons and four daughters: Emily Jane (wife of M. L. Hunt), George W., James A., Rebecca Kansas Elizabeth, John F., Christian Ann and Parlee, all at home but the eldest daughter. Mr. Rose is a Mason and Mrs. Rose is a member in good standing in the Free-Will Baptist Church.

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Dr. Joseph A. J. Roth is deserving of a special mention as a successful practioner of the "healing art," and although he has lived in Scott County, Ark., a comparatively short time, he is well and favorably known and has a large practice. He was born in St. Louis, Mo., on February 28, 1828, a son of Jacob and Charlotte (Barclay) Roth, the birth of the former being in Switzerland, and that of the latter occurring in 1805. They were married in St. Louis, and the subject of this sketch is their only child. The father, who was of Swiss descent, was murdered in Santa Fe, N. M., but his widow survives him, and makes her home with her son, the Doctor being now sixty-two years of age. Dr. Roth was married in St. Louis September [p.423] 27, 1852, at St. Exavia Church, to Mrs. Catherine E. Chappie, a widow with one child, Alexis, who is now deceased. The wife's maiden name was Brawner. To her union with Dr. Roth one child was born, Archibald. Mrs. Roth died August 8, 1889, having been a member of the Catholic Church throughout the greater portion of her life. In 1865 Dr. Roth commenced the study of medicine, and in 1868 took his first course of lectures in the St. Louis Medical College, and the same year commenced practicing. He has been actively engaged in practicing ever since, but since 1875 has been a resident of Scott County, Ark., having moved hither from Bates County, Mo. He is the owner of 125 acres of good land, 65 of which are in an excellent state of cultivation. He was a soldier in the Mexican War, and has always been a strong advocate of the free school system. Socially ****e belongs to Duval Lodge No. 249, of the A. F. & A. M.

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James G. Sanders, the eldest son of Richard and Mary (Strickland) Sanders, was born in Pickens County, Ala., on February 19, 1843, was reared on a farm, but up to the breaking out of the war he was kept in school, being educated in the University of Alabama, and having the best of educational advantages. At the age of eighteen, or in 1861, he enlisted in Company B, Second Alabama Infantry, commanded by T. J. Hardee, and remained in service until peace was declared. He was in the battles of Iuka, Corinth, Shiloh and Vicksburg, where he was taken prisoner, paroled and sent to Demopolis, Ala., where he remained until exchanged during the following February. He then was sent to Chickamauga, where he arrived in time to participate in that battle. He was also in the battles of Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Tunnel Hill, Ringgold, Marietta, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Dalton, Peach Tree Creek and Franklin. From there he was transferred to Mobile, where he remained about one month as guard on the coast near that city. Afterward he was sent to Charlotte, N. C., where he engaged in the last battle fought by Gen. Johnston's command, it being at Smithfield, N. C. During this entire time he was wounded but twice, first at Corinth by a bayonet in the left side, and second by a bullet in the right thigh. At the close of the war he returned to his home in Alabama, and there found that his mother had died during his absence. Here he remained with his father nearly two years, at which time his father and family moved to Red River County, Tex. They remained in the Lone Star State only one year, and then moved to Arkansas, settling in Cedar Creek Township, Scott County, near his present residence. Here our subject bought his first piece of land, he and his father together buying 340 acres. Soon after James G. bought an additional tract of 120 acres, which he improved by erecting a house and other buildings. He has seventy-five acres under cultivation, and his principal crops are corn, cotton and oats, all of which yield well; potatoes also a good crop. For several years he has given his attention to the raising of cattle and hogs, having an improved breed of cattle. Through energy and industry he has made a success of farm life, and is spoken of as among the most substantial men of the county. He was married on July 31, 1866, to Miss Sally M. Cowsert, of Alabama. They have ten children–four of whom are sons and six daughters–named as follows: Mary A., Ellen E., Josie, Beatrice E., William M., Minnie L., James G., Knox, Virginia M., and an infant yet unnamed. All are at home but the daughter, Josie, who is married to M. M. Ellis, of Wills Point, Tex. The family are Baptists. Mr. Sanders is a member of the A. F. & A. M. lodge, of which he has been secretary from the time of its organization. He is also a worthy patron of the order of the Eastern Star, also a member of the Farmers' Alliance, of which he is secretary, and in his political views he is a Democrat. He has been justice of the peace for many years, being elected to that position soon after coming to this county, and he has also held the position of school director, taking a great interest in the welfare of the schools of his township. He is assistant postmaster at the office of Cedar Creek, the office being at his residence, and his oldest daughter being postmistress. Mr. Sanders is a man of education, and is trying to give his children all possible advantages in that [p.424] direction. He is well pleased with his home in Western Arkansas.

William K. Sanders, farmer, Cedar Creek, Ark. Mr. Sanders has passed the uneventful life of the farmer, and has continued steadily to pursue the even tenor of his way, and is now classed among the prosperous farmers of Scott County. He was born in Alabama on January 6, 1855, and was early initiated into the duties of farm life. He came to Arkansas with his father in the fall of 1867, and the latter settled on the farm where our subject now lives. William K. received meager educational advantages, and when eighteen years of age he started out to fight life's battles for himself. His father at that time gave him 100 acres of land, and this our subject immediately began to improve. He is now the owner of a good farm of 240 acres in one tract, and of this he has 75 acres under cultivation. He raises principally corn, cotton and oats, the latter making a fine crop and doing well in this county. On an average his cotton yields one-half bale to the acre, and his corn sixty bushels to the acre. All his buildings are first-class and he has a fine apple and peach orchard. Aside from this he is interested in raising cattle and hogs. Mr. Sanders was married on November 16, 1884, to Miss Mary J. Austin, daughter of Samuel Austin of this county, but formerly from North Carolina. They have three children, all sons: Clyde H., Richard A. and George E. Mr. Sanders is a member of the Farmers' Alliance, and is vice-president of the same. He is a liberal supporter of all public enterprises, and is one of the county's most esteemed citizens.

Albert A. Sanford, M. D., has become well known to the citizens of this section, for in his professional capacity he has entered many homes, and has been the means of bringing happiness to many anxious hearts. His birth occurred in Sebastian County, in 1852, he being the eldest of a family of six children born to Muse and Nancy (Hughes) Sanford, the former a native of Kentucky and the latter of Arkansas. Muse Sanford came to this State about 1850, and settled in Sebastian County, where he followed farming until his death, which occurred about 1885, his widow still surviving him. Her people were early settlers of this State from Mississippi. Although Dr. Albert A. Sanford was reared to a farm life, he determined to make medicine his profession, and in 1875 began his studies under a preceptor, entering, in 1876, the Missouri Medical College at St. Louis, from which he afterward graduated. In 1883 he graduated from Vanderbilt University of Nashville, Tenn., after which he returned to Arkansas, and pitched his tent at Dardanelle in Yell County, but remained there only a very short time, when he came to Waldron, and in 1889 formed a partnership with Dr. Leming. He is the owner of a good residence in the town, and an excellent and valuaable farm near the place. His marriage, which occurred in 1873, was to Miss Mollie E. Rice, a Tennesseean, and has resulted in the birth of seven children: Nettie May (who died at the age of four years), Patrick Henry, Nannie, Maggie (who died at the age of eleven months), Melville, Frank and Aristides (who died at the age of twenty-two years). The family attend the Methodist Episcopal Church South, and the Doctor is a member of Waldron Lodge No. 132, of the A. F. & A. M. and Greenwood Lodge of the K. of H. The Doctor is a patron of schools, and is otherwise interested in the welfare of this section.

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Joseph L. Self is classed among the respected farmers and ginners of Scott County, Ark., and although he has not attained the highest round in the ladder of success, he has been more than ordinarily successful in pursuing his calling, and now has an excellent farm of 120 acres, of which 60 acres are under cultivation, and besides this has a 200 acre tract of timberland. He was born in Alabama, in 1824, the fifth of twelve children born to Jesse and Mary (Naremon) Self, both of whom were born in North Carolina, the former a planter. He moved to Georgia about 1826, and there continued to make his home until his death in 1866, his wife passing from life in 1850. In the State of Georgia Joseph L. Self was principally reared, but his educational advantages were limited. When he had attained his majority he began farming for himself, and in his twenty-third year was married to Miss Nancy Gartman, a native of Georgia. In [p.425] 1863 he put aside his work to enlist in the Confederate Army, and while a member of Company K. Thirty-ninth Georgia Regiment Infantry, he was in the battle of Vicksburg. After the fall of that city he was paroled, and went home. He came to Arkansas in 1870, and settled on the place on which he is now residing, six miles east of Waldron. In 1882 he started a steam cotton-gin, in connection with which he soon after began operating a grist-mill, and in 1889 a saw-mill, all of which are now in good working order. The gin has a capacity of seven bales per day. Since 1888 he has been conducting a general mercantile store, his stock of goods being worth about $2,000, and he does a successful general plantation supply business. On his property there are now two other stores, a blacksmith shop and several residences, making quite a little village. Mr. Self is associated in this business with his son, A. W., who is married to Rebecca Hiful, a native of this State. Mr. Self is the father of eight children: Mary (wife of L. D. Pendra), Susan Elizabeth (wife of Foncy Neal), Martha (wife of T. J. Watson), Sarah, Henry P. (married), Alvin, James R. and Margaret Ellen (wife of Frank M. Bottoms, a merchant of Waldron). The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, and Mr. Self has always been a stanch supporter of education, and has given land for school and church purposes, a house of each kind being erected in 1878. He is a selfmade man, very public spirited, and has helped to bring Scott County to its present admirable state of cultivation.

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Rev. Robert E. Sessions. This name is synonymous in Scott County, Ark., with successful agriculture, and throughout the immediate section in which he lives he is especially well known. He was born in this State, in what is now Bradley County, January 14, 1850, and is a son of James A. and Lucinda (Loa) Sessions, the former born in Alabama and the latter in Tennessee, their marriage taking place in Mountain Township, of this county. James A. Sessions, when a young man of eighteen years, left his parents in Georgia, to which State they had moved from Alabama to come to Arkansas as agent to the Creek Indians, receiving his appointment from the President of the United States. At the end of five years he began devoting his attention to teaching school and to selling goods in Fort Smith, and while in this place acted as interpreter, being well acquainted with the Creek, Choctaw and Cherokee languages. He was a man of brilliant mind, highly gifted, and in his youth had the advantages of an excellent education. He was a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, socially was a member of the I. O. O. F., and shortly before the opening of the Rebellion he was called from earth, being then but in the prime of life. His widow died in Scott County, Ark., in 1861, also an earnest member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, she having borne her husband five children: Eliza J. (wife of David Osmus, a farmer and primitive Baptist minister of Scott County, Ark.), Permelia Ann (wife of J. H. Blackwell, a farmer of this county), Rev. Robert E., J. F. (a merchant and also a Free-Will Baptist minister), and Sarah (wife of Compton Hollis, a farmer residing near Boles, Ark). Rev. Robert E. Sessions made his home with different families during the war, and during that time attended school a little. After the war he worked on a farm, and in 1880 homesteaded land to the amount of 160 acres in Mountain Township, and has been buying and selling land ever since, being now the owner of 150 acres at the head of Ross Creek, a considerable portion of which is under cultivation. In connection with this he has been operating a cotton-gin for the past seven years, and since March, 1889, he has been the owner of a good gin, grist, saw and shingle mill. Commencing life with no advantages whatever, he has done exceedingly well, has educated his children, and has done as much, if not more, than any of his neighbors for worthy enterprises. He has been an earnest church member for twenty-one years, and in 1884 was ordained a minister of the Free- Will Baptist Church, soon after being made pastor of Shiloh Church in Blansett Township. He has also filled the same position in Mount Pisgah Church at Boles, Haw Creek Church, New Hope Church, Mount Pisgah No. 2, and assisted in organizing a church northeast of Waldron, known [p.426] as the Davis Church. He was married on August 12, 1868, to Miss Elizabeth Wammack of Scott County, by whom he has become the father of nine children: John A., James W., Armatha Bell, Mary Frances, Harriet Dealtha, Robert F., Fred and Thomas. Elmer died in infancy. Mrs. Sessions is a member of the Free-Will Baptist Church, and has given much assistance to her husband in his work of saving souls. Mr. Sessions belongs to the Farmers' Alliance, and is a stanch Republican in politics.

Saunders S. Slover, although now a prominent citizen of Scott County, Tenn., was born in Madison County, Ark., November 17, 1835, to Samuel and Emeline (Chote) Slover, the former a Tennesseean and the latter a native of South Carolina, their births occurring March 5, 1811, and September 28, 1816, respectively. The mother is still living, her home being in Western Texas. They were married March 22, 1831, and during the very first settling of this country came here and located in Madison County, on Kings' River. The father was a very successful farmer, but was also the proprietor of a dry-goods establishment at Veal's Station, and at the time of his death, which occurred in Parker County, Tex., in 1873, he left a large estate and fortune to be divided among his family. He owned large tracts of valuable real estate in Texas, and was a practical business man in all respects. When a young man he joined the Masonic order, and after his marriage built the Masonic Hall at Veal's Station, Tex., and donated it to the lodge. He was very prominent in Masonic circles, and was also an earnest member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, as is his widow. In the neighborhood in which he lived he was an arbitrator in disputes between his neighbors, and his advice and councils were earnestly listened to and usually followed with good results. He was one of the first settlers of Western Texas, and at one time suffered severe losses by having his cattle driven off and killed by Comanche Indians. He and his neighbors were compelled to carry guns to church for protection. He was a life-long Democrat, and had three sons in the Confederate Army who fought bravely in many bloody combats. To himself and wife nine children were born, and of the three that are living the subject of this sketch is the eldest. He spent his school days in Madison County, Ark., but in 1848 went with his parents to Texas, where, during his youth and carly manhood he experienced many of the hardships, dangers and privations of pioneer life. He made his home on his father's farm until twenty-two years of age, then worked for himself in Parker County, Tex., until 1867, when he and his family came back to Arkansas and located on a farm on Clear Fork of Fourche River, in Scott County, this farm being his present place of abode. He is the owner of 200 acres of fine land, and is one of the most practical and successful agriculturists of Blansett Township. He was married, in 1862, to Miss Nancy Catherine Whisenhunt, daughter of John Whisenhunt, her birth occurring in Georgia, August 24, 1840. A family of twelve children have been born to them, all of whom are living save two: James W. (who died when twenty-two years of age), and Ira Seamon (who died when a child). Those living are James M., Thomas S., Flora A. M., Sarah F., Calvin W., Lillie S., Disa P., William T., Nancy J. and John S. Mr. Slover has been married twice, first when twenty years of age to Miss Mary Martin, of Texas. She was born May 29, 1835, and died in Scott County, Ark., having borne three children: Malinda Jane, John Samuel and William T., the last named baving died at the age of two years. The present Mrs. Slover is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and politically he is a Democrat. He is a thorough-going citizen, and is ever ready to aid good causes.

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Capt. John Rawlings, senior member of Rawlings & Son, dealers in general merchandise at Waldron, Scott County, Ark., is a native of Illinois, born February 14, 1834, and the son of John and Malinda (Blair) Rawlings, the father a native of Chattanooga, Tenn., and the mother of Kentucky. John Rawlings passed his boyhood and youth on a farm, and was left an orphan at an early age. When but two years of age he went to Missouri and made his home with his grandmother until eighteen years of age, when he crossed the plains to the gold regions of California. He mined there for four years and met with fair success, after which he returned to the east and located at [p.421] Waldron, Ark. He followed agricultural pursuits on rented land during the year 1858, and then entered a piece of Government land, 120 acres, which he immediately began to improve by erecting a house and barn, and clearing it of timber. Here he remained until the breaking out of the war. In 1861 he enlisted in the Confederate Army as lieutenant, but was soon promoted to captain, in which capacity he served until discharged, on account of disability, in January, 1863. He was in the battles of Wilson Creek, Neosho, Elkhorn (or Pea Ridge), Corinth and Shiloh. At the last named place he was taken sick and sent home, where he remained for thirty days. He was then sent to command in the Western Department, and later sent home to organize a battalion, or, rather a company to form a battalion. He was now captain of Company I, Carroll's regiment of Cavalry, but on account of trouble with his eyes was discharged. The company that he formerly commanded was Company I of the Arkansas State Troops. At the time of his discharge he took his family and went to the southern part of the State, where he remained until cessation of hostilities. In 1866 he returned to his farm near Waldron. A detachment of the Federal troops had made his farm their headquarters and his house was preserved, otherwise the farm was laid waste, fences burned and fruit trees destroyed. He at once commenced to rebuild and improve his place. He was in poor health, owing to exposure in the army, and had a wife and five children to support. He cultivated the soil until 1877, when he entered into his present line of business at this place. This he has since continued. He at that time formed a copartnership with J. C. Bell, now of Fort Smith, and at the end of a year he bought out his partner's interest. He then formed a partnership with Dr. James H. Smith, of Waldron, which existed about four years, when Mr. Rawlings again bought out his partner. He then took in his son. He began on a small scale, but****his business has increased until he now carries a stock of goods valued at $7,000, and the annual sales amount to about $20,000. He has in all about 600 acres of land, the most of which lies near the city. He also owns quite an amount of town property, and deals considerably in real estate. His farm, which he rents, is well improved and one of the best in the township. Mr. Rawlings and his estimable wife are members of the Baptist Church, and he has filled the position of deacon in the same for some time. He is liberal in his support of all worthy enterprises, and is universally respected. His wife who was formerly Miss Nancy J. Smith, and whom he married in 1858, is the daughter of Dr. Smith, of this place. Eight children have been born to this union, five now living: Annie E. (wife of J. D. Benson, of this place), Ida M. (widow of W. P. Evatt), Flood S. (who is in business with his father), John O. (attending school at Fayetteville, Ark.), and Charles F. (also at Fayetteville). When Mr. Rawlings first went into the army he was with the State troops, but after the battle of Oak Hill he raised a new company and entered McIntosh's regiment of cavalry. Here he remained until he received a furlough on account of ill health, as above stated. He was wounded in the shoulder at Pea Ridge, and this disables his right hand and arm to this day. He was a brave and fearless officer, and served the Confederacy faithfully and well.

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William Robson. In giving a brief sketch of the life of Mr. Robson it can with truth be said that he is one of the foremost men of Scott County, and has become one of its wealthiest agriculturists by honest toil and good management, and by the aid and advice of his admirable wife. He has been a resident of this county since 1867, but was born in Wayne County, Tenn., April 20, 1833, to William and Mary (Wordsworth) Robson, they being also natives of Tennessee, in which State they grew to maturity, married and spent their lives, the death of the father occurring in 1857 at about the age of sixty years, the mother passing from life in 1859 when about the same age. Mr. Robson was a worthy tiller of the soil all his life, and in this calling became quite successful. Both were members of the Methodist Church and he was a Mason and a Democrat. The immediate subject of this sketch was the youngest of ten children, and his school days were spent in Wayne [p.422] County, Tenn. When only eighteen years of age he came to Arkansas, and after wandering over the greater part of the State he went to the frontier of Texas with Capt. Love to fight the Comanche Indians, and during this time had many narrow escapes from death, a number of horses being shot from under him while fighting. Fortunately he was never wounded, and finally, growing tired of fighting, he settled in Corsicana, at which place he opened a hotel, which he managed for three years. In the fall of 1861 he joined Col. Parson's regiment of cavalry, but was discharged at Little Rock in May, 1862, on account of a broken leg, which was caused by being thrown from a horse. After recovering he joined Col. Gunter's battalion, afterward Bryant's battalion, and served in the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations until the war closed. He was a scout all through the region where he now lives, and at the close of the war held the rank of sergeant. He then resided in Little River County, Ark., until 1867, after which he moved to Scott County and purchased 160 acres of land, to which he has added enough to make 280 acres, a large portion of which is under cultivation, and all can be cultivated. He was married in August, 1862, to Miss Altha Ledgewood, and by her became the father of six children, five now living: James W., Lucinda Adaline, George W., Dick and Eddie. Ludie died when two years of age. Mr. Robson and his wife are members of the Free Will Baptist Church, in which he has been a deacon for three years. He donated the ground on which the Pleasant Grove Baptist Church is standing, and in numerous other ways has shown the interest he feels in the cause of Christianity. He is a wealthy citizen, the owner of a large amount of stock, and is in every way situated to enjoy life. Politically he is a Democrat.

John A. Rose, farmer and merchant, Boles, Ark. This enterprising citizen was born in Hamilton County, Ill., on November 13, 1845, and is a son of James and Emily (Buchanan) Rose. The father, who was a farmer and mechanic by occupation, moved to Arkansas, and settled in Scott County, in 1857. His wife died in 1863, and he followed her to the grave one week later. They were the parents of five children–four sons and one daughter–John A. being the second son. He received meager educational advantages and grew to manhood on his father's farm. Before he was eighteen years of age, or in 1863, he enlisted under the Stars and Stripes and served until August 27, 1865, when he received his discharge. He was in Company L, Second Kansas Cavalry, and was in the battle of Saline River, Prairie de Ann and Cabin Creek at which place he was taken prisoner. He was conveyed to Doaksville, Ind. Ty., and was there confined for eight months. After the war he returned to Scott County, bought a farm of eighty acres in Mountain Township, one mile from the village of Boles, and this he improved by erecting a house and clearing the timber. He has added to this first purchase until he now has about 1,000 acres, 300 of which are under cultivation. He has a good residence and several good tenant houses on the place. He also has one-half interest in a general merchandise store at Boles, and this is doing a good business at that place. Mr. Rose was married on December 25, 1866, to Miss Rebecca Scott, daughter of Thomas H. Scott, of this county. They have had nine children, seven of whom are living–three sons and four daughters: Emily Jane (wife of M. L. Hunt), George W., James A., Rebecca Kansas Elizabeth, John F., Christian Ann and Parlee, all at home but the eldest daughter. Mr. Rose is a Mason and Mrs. Rose is a member in good standing in the Free-Will Baptist Church.

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Dr. Joseph A. J. Roth is deserving of a special mention as a successful practioner of the "healing art," and although he has lived in Scott County, Ark., a comparatively short time, he is well and favorably known and has a large practice. He was born in St. Louis, Mo., on February 28, 1828, a son of Jacob and Charlotte (Barclay) Roth, the birth of the former being in Switzerland, and that of the latter occurring in 1805. They were married in St. Louis, and the subject of this sketch is their only child. The father, who was of Swiss descent, was murdered in Santa Fe, N. M., but his widow survives him, and makes her home with her son, the Doctor being now sixty-two years of age. Dr. Roth was married in St. Louis September [p.423] 27, 1852, at St. Exavia Church, to Mrs. Catherine E. Chappie, a widow with one child, Alexis, who is now deceased. The wife's maiden name was Brawner. To her union with Dr. Roth one child was born, Archibald. Mrs. Roth died August 8, 1889, having been a member of the Catholic Church throughout the greater portion of her life. In 1865 Dr. Roth commenced the study of medicine, and in 1868 took his first course of lectures in the St. Louis Medical College, and the same year commenced practicing. He has been actively engaged in practicing ever since, but since 1875 has been a resident of Scott County, Ark., having moved hither from Bates County, Mo. He is the owner of 125 acres of good land, 65 of which are in an excellent state of cultivation. He was a soldier in the Mexican War, and has always been a strong advocate of the free school system. Socially he belongs to Duval Lodge No. 249, of the A. F. & A. M.

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James G. Sanders, the eldest son of Richard and Mary (Strickland) Sanders, was born in Pickens County, Ala., on February 19, 1843, was reared on a farm, but up to the breaking out of the war he was kept in school, being educated in the University of Alabama, and having the best of educational advantages. At the age of eighteen, or in 1861, he enlisted in Company B, Second Alabama Infantry, commanded by T. J. Hardee, and remained in service until peace was declared. He was in the battles of Iuka, Corinth, Shiloh and Vicksburg, where he was taken prisoner, paroled and sent to Demopolis, Ala., where he remained until exchanged during the following February. He then was sent to Chickamauga, where he arrived in time to participate in that battle. He was also in the battles of Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Tunnel Hill, Ringgold, Marietta, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Dalton, Peach Tree Creek and Franklin. From there he was transferred to Mobile, where he remained about one month as guard on the coast near that city. Afterward he was sent to Charlotte, N. C., where he engaged in the last battle fought by Gen. Johnston's command, it being at Smithfield, N. C. During this entire time he was wounded but twice, first at Corinth by a bayonet in the left side, and second by a bullet in the right thigh. At the close of the war he returned to his home in Alabama, and there found that his mother had died during his absence. Here he remained with his father nearly two years, at which time his father and family moved to Red River County, Tex. They remained in the Lone Star State only one year, and then moved to Arkansas, settling in Cedar Creek Township, Scott County, near his present residence. Here our subject bought his first piece of land, he and his father together buying 340 acres. Soon after James G. bought an additional tract of 120 acres, which he improved by erecting a house and other buildings. He has seventy-five acres under cultivation, and his principal crops are corn, cotton and oats, all of which yield well; potatoes also a good crop. For several years he has given his attention to the raising of cattle and hogs, having an improved breed of cattle. Through energy and industry he has made a success of farm life, and is spoken of as among the most substantial men of the county. He was married on July 31, 1866, to Miss Sally M. Cowsert, of Alabama. They have ten children–four of whom are sons and six daughters–named as follows: Mary A., Ellen E., Josie, Beatrice E., William M., Minnie L., James G., Knox, Virginia M., and an infant yet unnamed. All are at home but the daughter, Josie, who is married to M. M. Ellis, of Wills Point, Tex. The family are Baptists. Mr. Sanders is a member of the A. F. & A. M. lodge, of which he has been secretary from the time of its organization. He is also a worthy patron of the order of the Eastern Star, also a member of the Farmers' Alliance, of which he is secretary, and in his political views he is a Democrat. He has been justice of the peace for many years, being elected to that position soon after coming to this county, and he has also held the position of school director, taking a great interest in the welfare of the schools of his township. He is assistant postmaster at the office of Cedar Creek, the office being at his residence, and his oldest daughter being postmistress. Mr. Sanders is a man of education, and is trying to give his children all possible advantages in that [p.424] direction. He is well pleased with his home in Western Arkansas.

William K. Sanders, farmer, Cedar Creek, Ark. Mr. Sanders has passed the uneventful life of the farmer, and has continued steadily to pursue the even tenor of his way, and is now classed among the prosperous farmers of Scott County. He was born in Alabama on January 6, 1855, and was early initiated into the duties of farm life. He came to Arkansas with his father in the fall of 1867, and the latter settled on the farm where our subject now lives. William K. received meager educational advantages, and when eighteen years of age he started out to fight life's battles for himself. His father at that time gave him 100 acres of land, and this our subject immediately began to improve. He is now the owner of a good farm of 240 acres in one tract, and of this he has 75 acres under cultivation. He raises principally corn, cotton and oats, the latter making a fine crop and doing well in this county. On an average his cotton yields one-half bale to the acre, and his corn sixty bushels to the acre. All his buildings are first-class and he has a fine apple and peach orchard. Aside from this he is interested in raising cattle and hogs. Mr. Sanders was married on November 16, 1884, to Miss Mary J. Austin, daughter of Samuel Austin of this county, but formerly from North Carolina. They have three children, all sons: Clyde H., Richard A. and George E. Mr. Sanders is a member of the Farmers' Alliance, and is vice-president of the same. He is a liberal supporter of all public enterprises, and is one of the county's most esteemed citizens.

Albert A. Sanford, M. D., has become well known to the citizens of this section, for in his professional capacity he has entered many homes, and has been the means of bringing happiness to many anxious hearts. His birth occurred in Sebastian County, in 1852, he being the eldest of a family of six children born to Muse and Nancy (Hughes) Sanford, the former a native of Kentucky and the latter of Arkansas. Muse Sanford came to this State about 1850, and settled in Sebastian County, where he followed farming until his death, which occurred about 1885, his widow still surviving him. Her people were early settlers of this State from Mississippi. Although Dr. Albert A. Sanford was reared to a farm life, he determined to make medicine his profession, and in 1875 began his studies under a preceptor, entering, in 1876, the Missouri Medical College at St. Louis, from which he afterward graduated. In 1883 he graduated from Vanderbilt University of Nashville, Tenn., after which he returned to Arkansas, and pitched his tent at Dardanelle in Yell County, but remained there only a very short time, when he came to Waldron, and in 1889 formed a partnership with Dr. Leming. He is the owner of a good residence in the town, and an excellent and valuaable farm near the place. His marriage, which occurred in 1873, was to Miss Mollie E. Rice, a Tennesseean, and has resulted in the birth of seven children: Nettie May (who died at the age of four years), Patrick Henry, Nannie, Maggie (who died at the age of eleven months), Melville, Frank and Aristides (who died at the age of twenty-two years). The family attend the Methodist Episcopal Church South, and the Doctor is a member of Waldron Lodge No. 132, of the A. F. & A. M. and Greenwood Lodge of the K. of H. The Doctor is a patron of schools, and is otherwise interested in the welfare of this section.

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Joseph L. Self is classed among the respected farmers and ginners of Scott County, Ark., and although he has not attained the highest round in the ladder of success, he has been more than ordinarily successful in pursuing his calling, and now has an excellent farm of 120 acres, of which 60 acres are under cultivation, and besides this has a 200 acre tract of timberland. He was born in Alabama, in 1824, the fifth of twelve children born to Jesse and Mary (Naremon) Self, both of whom were born in North Carolina, the former a planter. He moved to Georgia about 1826, and there continued to make his home until his death in 1866, his wife passing from life in 1850. In the State of Georgia Joseph L. Self was principally reared, but his educational advantages were limited. When he had attained his majority he began farming for himself, and in his twenty-third year was married to Miss Nancy Gartman, a native of Georgia. In [p.425] 1863 he put aside his work to enlist in the Confederate Army, and while a member of Company K. Thirty-ninth Georgia Regiment Infantry, he was in the battle of Vicksburg. After the fall of that city he was paroled, and went home. He came to Arkansas in 1870, and settled on the place on which he is now residing, six miles east of Waldron. In 1882 he started a steam cotton-gin, in connection with which he soon after began operating a grist-mill, and in 1889 a saw-mill, all of which are now in good working order. The gin has a capacity of seven bales per day. Since 1888 he has been conducting a general mercantile store, his stock of goods being worth about $2,000, and he does a successful general plantation supply business. On his property there are now two other stores, a blacksmith shop and several residences, making quite a little village. Mr. Self is associated in this business with his son, A. W., who is married to Rebecca Hiful, a native of this State. Mr. Self is the father of eight children: Mary (wife of L. D. Pendra), Susan Elizabeth (wife of Foncy Neal), Martha (wife of T. J. Watson), Sarah, Henry P. (married), Alvin, James R. and Margaret Ellen (wife of Frank M. Bottoms, a merchant of Waldron). The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, and Mr. Self has always been a stanch supporter of education, and has given land for school and church purposes, a house of each kind being erected in 1878. He is a selfmade man, very public spirited, and has helped to bring Scott County to its present admirable state of cultivation.

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Rev. Robert E. Sessions. This name is synonymous in Scott County, Ark., with successful agriculture, and throughout the immediate section in which he lives he is especially well known. He was born in this State, in what is now Bradley County, January 14, 1850, and is a son of James A. and Lucinda (Loa) Sessions, the former born in Alabama and the latter in Tennessee, their marriage taking place in Mountain Township, of this county. James A. Sessions, when a young man of eighteen years, left his parents in Georgia, to which State they had moved from Alabama to come to Arkansas as agent to the Creek Indians, receiving his appointment from the President of the United States. At the end of five years he began devoting his attention to teaching school and to selling goods in Fort Smith, and while in this place acted as interpreter, being well acquainted with the Creek, Choctaw and Cherokee languages. He was a man of brilliant mind, highly gifted, and in his youth had the advantages of an excellent education. He was a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, socially was a member of the I. O. O. F., and shortly before the opening of the Rebellion he was called from earth, being then but in the prime of life. His widow died in Scott County, Ark., in 1861, also an earnest member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, she having borne her husband five children: Eliza J. (wife of David Osmus, a farmer and primitive Baptist minister of Scott County, Ark.), Permelia Ann (wife of J. H. Blackwell, a farmer of this county), Rev. Robert E., J. F. (a merchant and also a Free-Will Baptist minister), and Sarah (wife of Compton Hollis, a farmer residing near Boles, Ark). Rev. Robert E. Sessions made his home with different families during the war, and during that time attended school a little. After the war he worked on a farm, and in 1880 homesteaded land to the amount of 160 acres in Mountain Township, and has been buying and selling land ever since, being now the owner of 150 acres at the head of Ross Creek, a considerable portion of which is under cultivation. In connection with this he has been operating a cotton-gin for the past seven years, and since March, 1889, he has been the owner of a good gin, grist, saw and shingle mill. Commencing life with no advantages whatever, he has done exceedingly well, has educated his children, and has done as much, if not more, than any of his neighbors for worthy enterprises. He has been an earnest church member for twenty-one years, and in 1884 was ordained a minister of the Free-Will Baptist Church, soon after being made pastor of Shiloh Church in Blansett Township. He has also filled the same position in Mount Pisgah Church at Boles, Haw Creek Church, New Hope Church, Mount Pisgah No. 2, and assisted in organizing a church northeast of Waldron, known [p.426] as the Davis Church. He was married on August 12, 1868, to Miss Elizabeth Wammack of Scott County, by whom he has become the father of nine children: John A., James W., Armatha Bell, Mary Frances, Harriet Dealtha, Robert F., Fred and Thomas. Elmer died in infancy. Mrs. Sessions is a member of the Free**** Will Baptist Church, and has given much assistance to her husband in his work of saving souls. Mr. Sessions belongs to the Farmers' Alliance, and is a stanch Republican in politics.

Saunders S. Slover, although now a prominent citizen of Scott County, Tenn., was born in Madison County, Ark., November 17, 1835, to Samuel and Emeline (Chote) Slover, the former a Tennesseean and the latter a native of South Carolina, their births occurring March 5, 1811, and September 28, 1816, respectively. The mother is still living, her home being in Western Texas. They were married March 22, 1831, and during the very first settling of this country came here and located in Madison County, on Kings' River. The father was a very successful farmer, but was also the proprietor of a dry-goods establishment at Veal's Station, and at the time of his death, which occurred in Parker County, Tex., in 1873, he left a large estate and fortune to be divided among his family. He owned large tracts of valuable real estate in Texas, and was a practical business man in all respects. When a young man he joined the Masonic order, and after his marriage built the Masonic Hall at Veal's Station, Tex., and donated it to the lodge. He was very prominent in Masonic circles, and was also an earnest member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, as is his widow. In the neighborhood in which he lived he was an arbitrator in disputes between his neighbors, and his advice and councils were earnestly listened to and usually followed with good results. He was one of the first settlers of Western Texas, and at one time suffered severe losses by having his cattle driven off and killed by Comanche Indians. He and his neighbors were compelled to carry guns to church for protection. He was a life-long Democrat, and had three sons in the Confederate Army who fought bravely in many bloody combats. To himself and wife nine children were born, and of the three that are living the subject of this sketch is the eldest. He spent his school days in Madison County, Ark., but in 1848 went with his parents to Texas, where, during his youth and carly manhood he experienced many of the hardships, dangers and privations of pioneer life. He made his home on his father's farm until twenty-two years of age, then worked for himself in Parker County, Tex., until 1867, when he and his family came back to Arkansas and located on a farm on Clear Fork of Fourche River, in Scott County, this farm being his present place of abode. He is the owner of 200 acres of fine land, and is one of the most practical and successful agriculturists of Blansett Township. He was married, in 1862, to Miss Nancy Catherine Whisenhunt, daughter of John Whisenhunt, her birth occurring in Georgia, August 24, 1840. A family of twelve children have been born to them, all of whom are living save two: James W. (who died when twenty-two years of age), and Ira Seamon (who died when a child). Those living are James M., Thomas S., Flora A. M., Sarah F., Calvin W., Lillie S., Disa P., William T., Nancy J. and John S. Mr. Slover has been married twice, first when twenty years of age to Miss Mary Martin, of Texas. She was born May 29, 1835, and died in Scott County, Ark., having borne three children: Malinda Jane, John Samuel and William T., the last named baving died at the age of two years. The present Mrs. Slover is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and politically he is a Democrat. He is a thorough-going citizen, and is ever ready to aid good causes.

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Dr. James H. Smith, an energetic practitioner, is recognized throughout this State as a friend of, and laborer in, the cause and advancement of the medical profession, and has acquired a flattering reputation as a physician. He was born in Wilson County, Tenn., in 1813, to Harris and Nancy S. (Flood) Smith, who were born in Buckingham County, Va., in 1791 and 1796, respectively, removing with their parents while young, to Wilson County, Tenn., where they were married. About 1821 they went to Wayne County, Tenn., but a [p.427] year later returned to Wilson County, moving a short time after to Lawrence County, only to return to Wilson County, once more. They afterward removed to De Kalb County, where they both passed from life, the former a farmer by occupation and a soldier in the War of 1812. Mrs. Smith was a member of the Missionary Baptist Church. The paternal grandfather, George Lumpkin Smith, was a Virginian, but in an early day he removed to Wilson County, Tenn., where he became a well-to-do farmer, was widely known, and where he passed from life. The maternal grandfather, Thomas Flood, was a Virginian, also, and an early resident of Wilson County, Tenn., where he became a well-to-do farmer, and spent the rest of his days. He was of English descent, a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and upon his death, left a large number of descendants in Tennessee. Dr. James H. Smith is the eldest of seven children (four now living) born to his parents, and was brought up to farm life. What knowledge he now has of books, was obtained in his youth by the light of the fire at home and by attending school a short time after he was eighteen years of age, his tuition being paid by doing odd jobs of work, but although his road was an up-hill one he, in this manner, became a well-educated young man, and soon became sufficiently posted to enable him to teach school, after which he found his way much easier. In 1834 he went to Lawrence County, Ala., and in 1835 he was married to Miss Eliza, daughter of Maj. Joel and Jane Denton, who were born in East Tennessee, the former dying in Scott County, Ark., and the latter in Alabama. Mrs. Smith was born in Jefferson County, Tenn., in 1852, and died in Alabama, a member of the Missionary Baptist Church, and leaving five children. The Doctor's second marriage took place the same year to Elizabeth, a sister of his first wife, her death occurring in Waldron, in 1882, she being also a church member. In 1882 the Doctor's third marriage was celebrated, his wife, Mrs. Margaret S. Money, being a daughter of Joseph G. and Margaret Gibson, the former a Georgian and the latter born in South Carolina, their marriage taking place in the former State, where Mrs. Gibson died. Mr. Gibson married a second time and moved to Texas, where he passed from life. Mrs. Smith was born in Georgia, and went to Texas with her father, where she was married to Mr. William T. Money, who died in Texas in 1865. She came to Arkansas in 1866. In 1834 the Doctor went to Alabama, and about 1841 began the study of medicine, attending, during 1845–46, the Louisville Medical Institute of Kentucky, after which he at once entered upon his practice in Alabama, whore he continned until 1856, when he removed to Scott County, Ark., and settled five miles west of Waldron, and with the exception of from 1863 to 1867 he resided there until 1881, since which time he has been a resident of Waldron, but is not a very active practitioner at the present time. He is quite well to do, and besides owning some valuable town property, he has over 500 acres of land. From 1860 to 1862 he was county and probate judge of Scott County, and in 1876 was elected to the State Legislature, serving one term and being chairman of the committee on roads and highways. He is a charter member of Waldron Lodge No. 132, of the A. F. & A. M., and he and his family are members in good standing of the Missionary Baptist Church. Dr. Smith is one of the oldest and most universally known physicians in Western Arkansas, is universally loved and is in every respect worthy the universal respect shown him. His surviving children are: Nancy J. (wife of Capt. John Rawlings), and George Walker. Joel Flood was killed while on picket duty near Fayetteville, in 1862.

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James C. Stanford is a merchant in the village of Cauthron, and by birth is a Georgian, having first seen the light of day in that State June 20, 1842. He is the youngest of five sons and four daughters born to William and Sarah (King) Stanford, both of whom were born in Georgia. James C., when a lad, received very limited educational advantages, as his father died when he was thirteen years of age, and he was placed in charge of the home farm, as his older brothers had left home to make their own way in the world. In 1862 he enlisted in the Confederate Army, becoming a member of Company H, Eighteenth Georgia Regiment of Infantry, and was in the battles of Fair Oaks, [p.428] Malvern Hill, Manassas, Boonesboro, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Knoxville, Wilderness, Spottsylvania Court House, Cold Harbor, seige of Richmond, and Farmersville, Va., where he was taken prisoner, being released on June 28, 1865, from Fortress Monroe, and at the battle of Chancellorsville was severely wounded. Although there were five brothers in the Confederate Army, all came through safely and are now the heads of families. The eldest brother, Franklin, was in the Mexican War; one resides in Alabama, and the others are near the old home in Georgia. When James C. returned from the army he again went to work on his mother's farm, and there remained until 1869, when he left there and came direct to Waldron, Ark., and here has since made his home. He homesteaded some land, nicely improved it, and of 170 acres of which he is the owner, four miles northwest of Waldron, he has eighty acres under cultivation, on which are a good house, barn and other necessary buildings. There is also an excellent orchard on the place, and the land is also well fenced. In January, 1887, Mr. Stanford moved from the farm to the village of Cauthron and opened a general mercantile store, and besides the store building and the lot on which it stands he has thirty-six acres on which his residence is situated. He keeps a stock of goods worth $2,000 and his annual sales amount to about $6,000. He is quite extensively engaged in buying cotton, which he ships to Fort Smith, and is otherwise interested in the progress and development of this region. He was married March 7, 1867, to Miss Sarah E. Taff, a daughter of W. H. Taff, a farmer of Barto County, Ga., and by her has the following children: William T. (who is a teacher and is giving his leisure time to the study of law), Acril J. (who is also a teacher, and he and William were educated in the State University), John F., Nellie L., Franklin A. and James B. The family worship in the Methodist Episcopal Church South, Mr. Stanford being a steward in the same. He is a Democrat in politics, and is liberal in the support of schools, churches, etc. He came here with no means but has now a good property.

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Dr. J. O. A. Sullivan. The name of Sullivan is one of the most influential in Scott County, Ark., and Dr. Sullivan among its most talented physicians, has obtained a reputation placing him in the front rank of the medical fraternity. He is also associated with the drug interests of Waldron and as a business man is doing well. He was born in Tennessee in 1849, being the fifth of twelve children born to Nathan and Mary (Ross) Sullivan, the former born in Tennessee and the latter in Alabama. The father was a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church South for forty-two years, his services for his Master being principally in the State of Tennessee, where he was presiding elder of his district for many years. He died in 1880, after a useful and well-spent life, his widow still surviving him. The paternal grandfather, Rev. Jocob Sullivan, was a pioneer of Wilson and Warren Counties, Tenn., from North Carolina, but was a native of Maryland. He preached the gospel in Tennessee until his death in 1866 at Mount Zion, in Tipton County, at the age of eighty-eight years. The maternal grandfather, William Ross, was one of the early settlers of Shelby County, Tenn., at which time there were but three houses at the present site of Memphis. He became a large land owner on the Hatchie River and on this land passed from life in 1867 or 1868. Dr. J. O. A. Sullivan spent his youth in Gibson County, Tenn., and received his education in Andrew College. In 1863 he became a member of Company G, Twelfth Tennessee Cavalry, Confederate States Army, and was in the battles of Fort Pillow, Memphis and surrendered at Greensboro, N. C. After his return home he began the study of medicine in 1867 under the preceptorship of Dr. J. J. Crisp. After a thorough preparation he entered the medical university of Tennessee, from which he gradnated in 1868, after which he at once began practicing in Gibson County. He was married in February, 1869, to Miss Georgiana McLeary, a native of Tennessee, and daughter of James and Addie McLeary, their births occurring in North and South Carolina, respectively. Both parents were of Scotch descent, the maiden name of the mother being Blair. Her ancestors became well known during Revelutionary [p.429] times, her mother's family being well. known people of South Carolina. In 1874 Dr. Sullivan and his wife came to Arkansas and settled in Waldron, where he began practicing, in connection with which, in 1881, he opened a drug establishment, but soon sold out, only to re-engage in the business in 1887, his establishment being well fitted up and excellently managed. He has always been active in school work; for years has been a director. He is also deeply interested in the political affairs of the country, and has always worked for the success of the Democratic party. He is now serving his second term as secretary of the County Medical Society and is a member of the board. Socially he belongs to Waldron Lodge No. 93 of the I. O. O. F., and in the Grand Lodge of the State he holds the rank of grand guardian. He also belongs to the A. F. & A. M. Dr. Sullivan lost his estimable wife in 1878, she having borne him three children: Lester Lee, Lenora Adella, and Josie (who died at the age of twenty-two months). His second marriage took place in 1878, his wife being Miss Ella Harris, a native of this State, and daughter of Virgil Harris, a Tennesseean, who removed to Texas in 1832 and a few years later to Arkansas, dying in Waldron in May, 1889, when seventy-nine years of age. The Doctor and his present wife have six children: Mary Emma, Andrew N., Clara, Robert Toombs and Stonewall Jackson (twins) and Ada. The Doctor is the owner of a fine farm of 400 acres in Fanlkner County, of which 60 acres are under cultivation. He also has a good home in Waldron, which he erected in 1879, and besides this owns other valuable town property.

William M. Taylor, farmer, Cedar Creek, Ark. Another prominent and successful agriculturist of Cedar Creek Township, and one whose name is synonymous with the farming interests of the county, was born in Tuscalocsa County, Ala., and was reared on a farm, receiving a limited education in the common schools. He enlisted in the army when a young man and served until its close. He started out for bimself as a tiller of the soil, when nineteen years of age, bought land in his native county, and in 1855 was married to Miss Nancy E. McMillan, of Alabama. They have five children—four sons and one daughter. The eldest daughter is married and resides near the old homestead. The remainder of the children are at home. After the war, Mr. Taylor came to Arkansas, settled in Johnson County in 1870, and after remaining there for two years moved to Cedar Creek Township, where he now lives. In 1888 he bought his present property, and is now the owner of 453 acres of valuable land. He has a comfortable dwelling-house, and has made many and vast improvements. His principal crops are corn and cotton. He has this year (1890) forty-two acres of cotton, which will yield one-half bale to the acre, and his average corn crop will be from thirty-five to fifty bushels to the acre. Mr. Taylor was born on June 3, 1836, and is prominently identified with the county in more than one particular. He is the owner of valuable timberland, consisting of oak, gum, ash and walnut.

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G. W. Turner, liveryman of the firm of Turner & Huie, of Waldron, Ark., is a Tennesseean by birth and bringing up and has inculcated in him the sterling principles of the better class of citizens of that State. He was born in 1844, the second of ten children born to Jesse and Elizabeth (Price) Turner, they being also Tennesseeans. The grand parents on both sides were among the very earliest settlers of that State, and there braved the dangers and privations of pioneer life to make homes for their children. Jesse Turner was one of the worthy tillers of the soil, and after first emigrating from his native State he located in Missouri, and, in 1867 came to Arkansas, where he died in 1870. G. W. Turner removed to Missouri with his parents, and also came with them to this State, acquiring a fair education in the common schools of these States. In 1862 he joined Company H, Gordon's regiment of Missouri Infantry, under Gen. Shelby, and afterward took part in the battles of Springfield, Cape Girardeau, Prairie Grove, Helena and others. After the war he returned to Missouri, where he was engaged in freighting on the plains from Atchison, Kas., to New Mexico, making one trip. He then came to Arkansas and settled in Woodruff County, but nine years later [p.430] located at Augusta, running teams to adjoining towns. Since 1873 he has been a resident of Scott County, and was first engaged in farming and teaming from Fort Smith to Waldron, a calling he continued to follow for thirteen years. In 1887 he opened a livery stable at Waldron in connection with Mr. Huie, and now has a stable well stocked with horses and vehicles, at all times in good condition and ready for use. In addition to this property he has a good farm of 160 acres two miles north of the town, of which 40 acres are under cultivation, and several lots in Waldron. He was married in January, 1870, to Miss Abigail Schrimsher, of Mississippi, she being an earnest member of the Methodist Episcopal Church South. Mr. Turner has been a member of the I. O. O. F. for years, and as a man of business has shown marked ability. He and Mr. Huie are the successors of Turner & Hard. They have fifteen head of horses, suitable hacks and buggies for the use of traveling men, and they also have the mail contract for carrying daily mail to Mansfield, which contract was secured July 1, 1888, and will continue two years longer. Both these gentlemen are honest and fair in their dealings and fully deserve the patronage of the public.

W. R. Vaughn is a Kentuckian by birth, born in 1830, and like the majority of those who claim that as the State of their nativity, he is pushing, enterprising and wide awake. He is one of the following family of children: Elisha, Sally, Phoebe, Rebecca, William R. (the subject of this sketch), John, Reuben, Benjamin, Eliza, Irene, Stephen and Obadiah, of whom only William R., Obadiah and Reuben are now living. They are the children of Obadiah and Nancy (Vaughn) Vaughn, who died when William R. was about fourteen years of age, the former being a farmer by occupation, and served under Gen. Jackson in the War of 1812. After his father's death William R. began working as a farm laborer, and in 1850 was married to Miss Susan Yandell, a daughter of William and Molly A. Yandell, immediately afterward removing to Scott County, Ark., where, in 1865, he unfortunately lost his wife, she leaving him with six children: George R., William O., James A., Stephen H., John Z., and one that died unnamed. Of these children only Stephen and John survive. In 1866 Mr. Vaughn took for his second wife Mrs. Luvicy (James) Jones, relict of James Jones, and daughter of Clayburn and Jennie James, but in 1887 this wife also passed from life, having borne Mr. Vaughn six children: Sarah F., Jessie V., Cansady, Isaiah, Benjamin F., and one that died in infancy unnamed. Of these children all are dead except Sarah, Jessie, Cansady and Isaiah. By his second wife Mr. Vaughn acquired 160 acres of land, of which about 60 are improved, and on which he raises corn and cotton, the former averaging fifteen bushels and the latter one-half bale to the acre. In May, 1888, he was married a third time, his wife being Mrs. Nancy E. (Rogers) Jones, widow of William H. Jones, who died in 1881. To them one child has been born, Riley Harrison. Mrs. Vaughn is a member of the Free-Will Baptist Church, of which Mr. Vaughn was also formerly a member. His youngest son by his first wife, John Z., was born in Arkansas, in 1862, and at the age of eighteen years began for himself, marrying, a year later, Miss Louisa Cruse, who was born in Georgia, in 1859, a daughter of S. P. and Melissa (Lamm) Cruse. John Z. and his wife have now a family of five children: Stephen F., John Lawson (deceased), Reuben, Jesse Lee and Alena Bell. Mrs. Vaughn died on February 6, 1890, an earnest member of the Free-Will Baptist Church. Her husband, on July 20, 1890, married Miss Louisa Jones, who was born in Arkansas, in 1872, a daughter of W. H. and Nancy E. Jones.

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Carey N. Vise, farmer and ex-sheriff. One of the neatest and best kept farms in Hickman Town-ship is that owned and operated by Mr. Vise, containing 600 acres, about 200 of which are under cultivation, well improved, the rest being timberland. On this land is an excellent young orchard, and in connection with his farming operations Mr. Vise is also engaged in stock-raising. He was born in Georgia, the eldest of six children born to John S. and Esther (Vise) Vise, both of whom were born in the Palmetto State, the mother's death occurring there in 1859. Mr. Vise afterward married again, taking for his second consort Miss [p.431] Eliza M. Mason, by whom he became the father of one child. He served in the Confederate Army during the Rebellion, being in Capt. Robert Boyce's corupany of artillery, and taking part in the battles of Manassas, Antietam, Rappahannock Station and Jackson, Miss. After the war he followed farming in Georgia until 1874, when he came to Arkansas, his son, Carey N., having previously come here, and settled on a farm two miles from Waldron, on which place he died in 1883. Carey M. Vise was born in 1846, and was educated in the schools of South Carolina. He entered the Confederate Army at the age of sixteen years, being in a company of light artillery, commanded by Capt. Boyce and T. S. Jeter, and was in the same engagements in which his father participated. He was captured at Asheville, N. C., but the war closed a few days later and he was released. In the winter of 1867 he came to Arkansas, soon after purchasing 120 acres of land, fifteen miles west of Waldron, on Jones Creek. He was married in December of the same year to Miss Sarah A. Young, of South Carolina, and on the tract which he first purchased he lived for a long time, although he purchased other land and made numerous valuable improvements. Since 1882, however, he has made the town of Waldron his home, where he has a pleasant and comfortable residence. He has always been interested in politics, and for the last eighteen years has held office. He was assessor six years, justice of the peace, four years, and in 1882 he was elected sheriff of the county, a position he held by reelection until 1890. His children are as follows: Willie, Beatrice, John, Melissa, Charlie, Sadie and Benjamin.

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Sidney Wilson is one of the most influential men in Scott County, Ark., and he ranks among its most talented and successful lawyers. He was born in the Buckeye State, in 1835, being the eldest of five children born to Sterns and Clarissa (Gilder) Wilson, both of whom were born in Virginia, and removed to the State of Ohio during the early history of that region, being residents thereof during the Black Hawk War. During this time they moved to Chicago, and owned a farm in what is now a portion and part of that city, but in 1846 removed to Iowa, only to return to Illinois a short time after. He passed from life in Kansas, in 1878, his widow dying in 1880. Mr. Wilson was a drummer boy in the War of 1812, and was a drum-major in Taylor's command during the war with Mexico, but after taking part in the battle of Monterey, returned home on account of sickness. He became a substantial fariner, and was also something of a musician. Sidney Wilson was educated in the Chicago Catholic College, and in the academy at Wheatland, but in 1857 gave up all other branches to take up the study of law, and in 1860 was admitted to the bar. In 1862 he went to Montana, soon after the Fairweather boys had discovered Alder Gulch, at Virginia City, and helped to make the first road from Red Buttes to the head-waters of the Yellowstone River. He had many encounters with the Indians, in one of which he was wounded. He has prospected in Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado and Nevada, and while in Montana went 400 miles north to British America, and was at the Coutney Mines for three months, during which time the miners had frequent trouble with the Indians. In 1866 he went to St. Joseph, Mo., and was engaged in freighting goods across the plains to Salt Lake City and Montana until 1869, when he located in St. Clair County, where he taught two terms of school. He was admitted to the bar of Osceola, March 25, 1868, but prior to that had been admitted at Troy, Kas., in 1867. In 1869 he moved to Hermitage, Mo., where he entered on the practice of law. He has been admitted to county, circuit and supreme courts, practiced in the various places in which he has lived, and has had all kinds of cases. His many changes of residence have been made on account of ill health, but his health has been comparatively good since locating in Scott County, Ark., in the development and progress of which county he takes great interest. He served as prosecuting attorney of Hickory County, Mo., for four terms, his first appointment being received in 1870, his elections taking place in 1872-73-74. He resigned in the spring of 1876, and moved to Lake City, Colo., and in September of the same year was admitted to the [p.432] Supreme Court of that State. He was also admitted to the bar in New Mexico, in April, 1879. In 1880 he went to Scott County, Mo., but two years later returned to Colorado, and after residing at Aspin until 1883, he came to Greenwood, Ark. Since 1884 he has been a resident of Waldron, and has been a leading practitioner of Scott County ever since. He prospected for minerals soon after coming here, and discovered the prospects for coal oil, and afterward became one of the stockholders of a company organized for its development. In 1889 he formed bis present partnership with B. F. Wolf, and has since been associated with him. He has been a member of the Masonic fraternity since 1872, and his wife, whom he married July 18, 1857, in Illinois, is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Her maiden name was Zerilda Harwood, a native of Indiana, and she has borne Mr. Wilson three children: Clara Isabelle (wife of J. J. Smiley, an engineer and bridge builder; he is now in Tampico, Mexico, where he has charge of harbor construction; his home is in Kansas City, Mo.), Hattie and Allie (the other two, now living with their parents).

Benjamin F. Wolf is an eminent lawyer of the well-known firm of Wilson & Wolf, of Waldron, Ark., and although he has been a resident of the State in which he is now residing since 1867, he was born in the State of Tennessee in 1845, being the youngest of eleven children born to Henry and Nancy (Kinchelow) Wolf, the former a Virginian and the latter a native of Tennessee. Henry Wolf was a carpenter by trade, and upon his removal to Arkansas in 1867 he settled in Crawford County, where he followed his calling until his death, nine years later, his wife passing from life the same year, both having attained an advanced age. Mr. Wolf was a prominent politician while a resident of McMinn County, and during 1856 was sheriff of that county. The boyhood days of Benjamin F. Wolf were spent in his native State, his education being obtained in a high school. At the breaking out of the Rebellion in 1861, he put aside personal considerations to enlist in the Confederate Army, and became a member of Company A, Third Tennessee Infantry, and was in many of the battles in which the Army of Virginia took part, among which may be mentioned Manassas. In 1862 he joined an independent company and was later attached to Forrest's command. He was captnred near Calhoun, but after a very short time was released. He was in many engagements in Tennessee, and did much scouting and special duty. He was in the battle of Chickamauga, and after the battle of Missionary Ridge while at home on furlough and sick in bed, he was captured, but was soon after released, and shortly after rejoined his command, with which he served until the close of the war. After the termination of the war he returned to his home and began teaching school, and during this time, at odd moments, pursued the study of law. After closing up his father's accounts he came with him to Arkansas, and after residing in Crawford County until 1876, he went to Texas, where he remained three years. He then returned to Arkansas, and in the town of Mount Ida, Montgomery County, began the practice of law. In 1881 he came to Scott County, and located in Potean Valley, being formally admitted to the bar in 1885, soon after taking up his residence in Waldron. He owns some good town property, is a wide-awake and enterprising gentleman, and as a lawyer is a deep thinker, keen and practical in his views and the thorough master of his profession. He was married in 1876 to Miss America Cavinous, of this State, but she died in 1880, having borne one son, John (who is dead). His second marriage took place in 1882 to Mrs. Matilda Bird, a native of Arkansas, and a daughter of Z. Hembey, a pioneer of this county and a resident of Poteau Valley. Mr. Wolf is a member of the A. F. & A. M. and the I. O. O. F. fraternities.

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Albert S. Wood. There is a number of men who are prominently identified with the mercantile interests of Scott County, Ark., but none of them is more deserving of mention than Mr. Wood, who, although not old in years, is yet a substantial business man. He was born in Mississippi in 1856, to John T. and Delilah (Nations) Wood, they being also Mississippians, the former an honest and progressive tiller of the soil. Their marriage, [p.433] which occurred in their native State, resulted in the birth of ten children, their names being as follows: Albert S., Victoria (who died some years since), Daniel, Alice, J. Booker, Kate, Thomas, Stanford, Joseph and Nora. John T. Wood enlisted in the Confederate Infantry in 1861, and was on active duty until the close of the war. He first removed from his native State to Texas, and from that State came to Arkansas, in 1859, settling in Sevier County, but in 1868 came to Scott County, and is here now residing. He is a member of Cauthron Lodge No. 385, of the A. F. & A. M., and ever since residing here has proved himself a man of progressive views and public spirit. Albert S. Wood came to this State with his parents when a small boy, and was principally reared on a farm, but besides being an attendant of the common schools near his home, he was given the advantages of the schools of Fayetteville in 1884 and 1885. He has taught school, and farmed up to 1888, when he engaged in the mercantile business at Gipson, Scott County, Ark., and in May, 1889, was appointed postmaster of the place. He has done an exceedingly prosperous business, and has become well known for his honest, npright dealing with his patrons and for his interest in the welfare of this region. He is junior warden of Cauthron Lodge No. 385, of the A. F. & A. M., and also belongs to Poteau Lodge No. 27, of the I. O. O. F.

M. Q. Workman is of that sturdy and independent class, the farmers of Arkansas, and no follower of that calling is possessed of more genuine merit and a stronger character than he whose name stands at the head of this sketch. He was born in North Carolina, May 6, 1834, being a son of M. P. and L. C. Workman, they being North Carolinians also, the former born in —, and the latter in 1813. They were married in their native State, and the same year that their son, M. Q. Workman, was born, M. P. Workman died, and after some years his widow married S. S. Plummer, by which gentleman she became the mother of eight children: Sarah A. (widow of Henry Eater), M. J. (wife of Mitchel Cross), L. C. (wife of William Condrey), L. S. (wife of Joseph Singeltery), A. B., M. C. (wife of Henry Cauthron), M. H. (wife of W. H. Marr), and J. E. The mother is now living in Scott County, Ark., and she, her husband and all her children are members of the Baptist Church. The subject of this sketch was married in Catoosa County, Ga., in 1861, to Miss M. E. Pack, a Georgian, born in 1838. To them two children have been born: J. A. and W. M., but in 1863 they were left motherless. Two years later Mr. Workman married, a second time, Miss P. J. Smith, a native of North Carolina, born in 1843, becoming his wife, and in time, the mother of seven children, of whom are living: S. A., T. W., Ervin and J. P. J. L., H. W. and one that died in infancy are those not living. Mr. Workman was a soldier in the Rebellion, and in 1862 enlisted in a company of infantry, serving in Georgia Regiment until the close of the war. He received one severe wound, a ball entering his left jaw and coming out on the right side of the mouth, cutting his tongue in two, which wound was received at the battle of Peach Tree Creek. After the war he returned home, and engaged in farming, which calling has been his occupation ever since. He owns 166 acres of land, with 70 under cultivation, his crops being corn, cotton, oats and wheat. In 1870 he emigrated from Georgia to Arkansas, and settled where he now lives, where he has done well, and where he expects to make his future home. He and his wife are members of the Missionary Baptist Church, and socially, he belongs to Cauthron Lodge No. 385, of the A. F. & A. M.